Post Date December, 03 2023
Dietary regulation in patients with renal failure is a very important part of the treatment principles. A dietary control plan is a basic treatment method for patients with chronic kidney failure, but this plan is a challenge that requires the patient and their family to work hard to overcome, as it often requires giving up some food that satisfies their appetite. What should kidney failure patients eat?
Prefer soft food, avoid hard food, and fried food
Chronic kidney failure patients often experience congestion and erosion of the gastrointestinal mucosa due to the presence of toxins in the body and disturbances in blood microcirculation. Eating hard or fried foods such as sesame cakes, fried noodles, etc. can often cause food to break blood vessels in the stomach and cause bleeding.
Should be light and avoid spicy and stimulating foods
Patients with chronic kidney failure and uremia often have congested and erosive gastrointestinal mucosa. Such as eating spicy food such as chili and Baijiu, it often aggravates the erosion of gastrointestinal mucosa, resulting in blood seepage from the blood vessels in the stomach lining.
Take in enough calories
When limiting protein intake, in order to avoid insufficient calorie intake and increase the generation of nitrogen-containing waste, it is recommended to consume foods with high calorie content and extremely low protein content to supplement. Vegetable oil (such as soybean and peanut oil), low protein starch (such as clarified flour, white flour, lotus root starch, etc.) and sugar (such as rock sugar, honey, ginger sugar, fruit sugar) are used to make various delicious Dim sum. The caloric intake is 30~40 calories per kilogram per day to avoid excessive weight loss.
Be careful of moisture control
When kidney failure occurs and urination decreases, water accumulates in the body, causing an increase in the load on the cardiovascular system, including lack of vitality, systemic edema, weight gain, coughing, shortness of breath, decreased blood volume ratio (Hct), and complications such as hypertension, heart failure, pericarditis. In addition, excessive dehydration during dialysis can lead to imbalances such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, and muscle cramps.
The daily weight gain is limited to no more than one kilogram, and the amount of water consumed is the total urine volume of the previous day plus 500-700 milliliters (ml), including boiled water, porridge, milk, soup, and beverages. Avoid drinking too much water. You can rinse your mouth with ice water, chew gum, or squeeze a little lemon juice to reduce the feeling of thirst. Try to concentrate your medication time and consume soup to reduce water consumption.
Pay attention to salt control
When kidney failure occurs, the inability to excrete water and salt can easily cause edema and exacerbate hypertension. Patients should consume no more than 5 grams of salt per day. 1 gram (1/5 teaspoon) of salt=6/5 teaspoon of soy sauce=1 teaspoon of monosodium glutamate, so the above seasoning contains salt and should not be added arbitrarily; You can use sugar, scallions, ginger, garlic, etc. to improve the taste. And high sodium foods should be restricted, such as processed canned goods, pickled and smoked products, soy sauce, pickled vegetables, pickled vegetables, and fast food. If your appetite is not good, there is no need for salt restriction. The priority is to be able to eat and nutritious. Wait until your appetite is good and there is enough nutrition before limiting salt.
Excessive potassium ions in embankments
Due to the inability of potassium ions to be excreted by severely damaged kidneys, it can cause "hyperkalemia", which may cause numbness in fingers, fatigue, limb weakness, chest tightness, tongue stiffness, difficulty speaking, loss of consciousness, severe arrhythmia, or cardiac arrest. The causes of hyperkalemia include: 1. insufficient dialysis; 2. Lack of appetite; 3. Constipation; 4. When consuming foods and vegetables with high potassium content, you can first peel and cut them into small pieces. Boil a large amount of water for 3-5 minutes and remove them, then mix them with oil or stir fry them; The potassium content of coffee, tea, chicken essence, and traditional Chinese medicine juice can cause hyperkalemia.
High potassium vegetables: Green leafy vegetables (such as spinach, water spinach, amaranth, lettuce), mushrooms, seaweed, seaweed, carrots, potatoes.
High potassium fruits: bananas, tomatoes, dates, oranges, willows, mangoes, persimmons, cantaloupes, grapefruit, and carambola (prone to hiccups). It is recommended to use one type of fruit at a time, with a portion size of about 1/6.
Low potassium fruits: pineapples, papayas, watermelons, water pears, strawberries, lemons, etc., but they should not be consumed in large quantities.
Maintain a balance of calcium and phosphorus
Calcium and phosphorus are important minerals in the body, which can maintain the good growth of bones and teeth, and enable the normal operation of nerves and muscles. When calcium is insufficient, it is necessary to consume more milk, calcium tablets, and vitamin D to reduce the occurrence of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Phosphorus is commonly present in all protein containing foods. To achieve sufficient nutrient intake and reduce phosphorus absorption, only by biting and taking phosphorus binders such as aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate while eating can phosphorus in the food be combined. Pay attention to high phosphorus foods: intake of whole grains and products (such as brown rice, germinal rice, whole wheat bread), visceral products (liver, kidney, brain), walnut products (peanuts, cashews, walnuts), and soy sauce products (peanut butter), chocolate, egg yolks, milk, dairy products, etc.
Eat less food containing aluminum and purines to avoid aluminum poisoning and gout
High aluminum diet: 1. Tea; 2. Cheese; 3. Making tea; 4. Steamed Chinese sponge cake; 5. Cook in an aluminum container.
High purine diet: 1. Meat juice; 2. Lentils; 3. Thick broth; 4. Lean meat, duck meat; 5. Brain; 6. Mushrooms; 7. Viscera (liver, kidney, heart); 8. sardine; 9. Eels; 10. Asparagus.
