What are the clinical manifestations of polycystic kidney disease

What are the clinical manifestations of polycystic kidney disease? Polycystic kidney disease is a type of hereditary kidney disease, which is a common manifestation of kidney disease. Polycystic kidney cysts gradually increase with age, causing great harm to people. So, what are the clinical manifestations of polycystic kidney disease?

What are the clinical manifestations of polycystic kidney disease?

1. Lumbar and abdominal discomfort or pain are the most common symptoms, mostly dull or dull pain, fixed on one or both sides, and can radiate to the back or lower abdomen. The reason for this is due to swelling in the kidney, expanding the renal capsule, or pulling the renal pedicle or compressing adjacent organs. Sudden exacerbation of pain is often caused by intracapsular bleeding or secondary infection. About 1/5 of the patients have pain resembling renal colic, mostly caused by stones or blood clots blocking the urinary tract after bleeding.

2. Hematuria: accounts for 25-50%. It can manifest as microscopic hematuria or macroscopic hematuria, often induced or worsened after trauma, intense labor, or infection. The onset of hematuria is often periodic, with intervals of up to several months or years. In addition to causing renal colic, a large amount of hematuria can sometimes cause urinary tract obstruction. Hematuria is mainly caused by the rupture of the cystic wall blood vessels due to excessive pulling.

3. Proteinuria, accounting for approximately 70-90%, is generally not abundant, often below 2 grams within 24 hours, and occasionally above 10 grams, so it does not produce nephrotic syndrome.

4. Hypertension group, accounting for approximately 70-75%. When blood pressure is high, it can cause symptoms such as headaches and dizziness, and the continuous increase in blood pressure can cause heart enlargement, ultimately leading to heart failure.

5. Abdominal masses can be palpable on both sides, accounting for 50-80%, and can be palpable on one side, accounting for 15-30%. They are generally hard in texture and move with breathing. Some may be fixed due to adhesion.

6. Infection, 50-70% combined with intrarenal infection, can cause renal suppuration in severe cases. When acute infection or suppuration occurs, it manifests as chills, high fever, frequent urination, pyuria, etc. About one-third of patients appear to be chronic pyelonephritis, which can cause hydronephrosis due to being compressed by huge cysts.

7. Kidney stones, accounting for about 10%, manifest as renal colic.

8. Uremia, caused by the compression of cysts and the destruction of renal parenchyma due to complications such as pyelonephritis, can lead to uremia.

9. Merging other developmental deformities, such as polycystic liver and intracranial aneurysm, is common. In addition, cysts such as spleen, pancreas, ovary, or epididymis can also be combined.