Post Date December, 03 2023
The results of semen analysis are an important indicator of male fertility and an important and indispensable part of the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. Below is a brief description of the various contents in the semen analysis and examination report to help everyone have a general understanding.
Teach you how to understand a man's semen analysis report
1. Semen volume
The amount of ejaculation per ejaculation in a normal person is approximately 2-6 milliliters, with 1-2 milliliters being a suspected abnormality. Any ejaculation less than 1 milliliter or greater than 7 milliliters is considered abnormal. The determination of semen volume is related to the duration of abstinence before specimen collection. If the abstinence period is long, the semen volume is relatively large, and it is generally recommended to abstain for 3 to 7 days. In pathological conditions, when the amount of ejaculation exceeds 7ml, not only does the sperm density decrease, but it is also easy to flow out of the vagina, resulting in a decrease in the total number of sperm, commonly seen in seminal vesiculitis; Less than 2ml indicates insufficient semen volume, but usually less than 1ml indicates insufficient semen volume. At this time, the semen has a small contact area with the female genital tract, or infertility is caused because the sperm is too thick to enter the female cervix, which is commonly seen in severe paragonadal inflammation, low testosterone level, ejaculatory duct obstruction, retrograde ejaculation, etc.
2. Sperm density
Generally expressed as the number of sperm per milliliter of semen. The sperm density of normal individuals ranges from 20 million to 150 million per milliliter, with significant differences between individuals. Those with less than 20 million/milliliter are diagnosed with oligospermia, which can be caused by various reasons such as spermatogenic dysfunction, and can lead to low fertility or infertility due to reduced opportunities for sperm to enter the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes; More than 250 million per milliliter is polyspermia, which affects sperm motility; If no sperm is found in the semen after multiple examinations or centrifugation, it is considered azoospermia. The above three factors are all infertility factors. It should be noted that some people have sperm motility of less than 20 million per milliliter, and due to their strong sperm motility and low deformity rate, they can also have children. If each ejaculation is below 20 million per milliliter, then without treatment, it is basically impossible to conceive naturally.
3. Liquefaction
After normal semen is ejaculated, it becomes gelatinous under the action of seminal vesicle coagulase, and after 5-30 minutes, it becomes a less viscous liquid. If the semen does not liquefy for more than half an hour, it means that the semen does not liquefy and the sperm cannot move freely, leading to male infertility. In addition, contact the glass rod with the liquefied semen, observe the viscosity, and gently lift it to form a semen filament, which is normally less than 2cm long.
4. Deformity rate
Normal sperm have a flat oval head and a long and curved tail, similar to a tadpole; But some of the heads are pointed, large, or double headed, and the body and tail are thick, short, forked, or double tailed. If these abnormal sperm exceed 30%, it is called abnormal sperm disease and can cause infertility.
5. Color
The color of normal semen is gray white or light yellow. If there are bloodstains in the semen that turn red or pink, it is considered bloody semen. Microscopically, a large number of red blood cells can be seen, commonly seen in inflammation of the accessory glands and posterior urethra, and occasionally seen in tuberculosis or tumors; If the semen contains yellow secretions, it is purulent semen, and a large number of pus balls can be seen under the microscope, indicating inflammation of the reproductive tract or accessory glands.
6. Acidity and alkalinity
The pH value of normal semen is between 7.2 and 7.8, and being too acidic or too alkaline is not conducive to sperm activity and metabolism. Less than 7.2 can be seen in ejaculatory duct obstruction or urine contamination; Greater than 7.8 can be seen in seminal vesicle inflammation or outdated specimens.
7. Inflammatory cells:
White blood cells in normal semen should be less than one "+" sign. An increase in white blood cells indicates an infection in the reproductive tract or accessory gonads.
8. Survival rate
Usually, within one hour after ejaculation, the number of active sperm should not be less than 70% (usually 60-80%), and if less than 60%, it is considered asthenozoospermia; If all the sperm in the semen are dead, it is considered necrospermia.
9. Sperm motility grading:
The A-grade sperm in normal semen should not be less than 25% (or A-grade sperm+B-grade sperm should not be less than 50%). If it falls below this standard, the probability of conception will be affected. It is commonly seen in cases of low zinc content in the body, inflammation of the accessory glands, and the influence of external adverse environmental factors.
