Post Date December, 03 2023
Dietary regulation in patients with renal failure is a very important part of the treatment principles. A diet control plan is a basic treatment for patients with chronic renal failure. However, this plan is a challenge that requires the patient and their family to work hard to overcome, as it often requires giving up some food that satisfies their appetite. What should kidney failure patients eat?
Prefer soft food, avoid hard food and fried food
In patients with chronic renal failure, the gastrointestinal mucosa often presents a state of congestion and erosion due to the presence of toxins in the body and disturbance of blood microcirculation. Eating hard food or fried foods such as sesame cakes, fried dough, etc. can often cause food to break blood vessels in the stomach and cause bleeding.
Should be light and avoid spicy and stimulating food
Gastrointestinal mucosa in patients with chronic renal failure and uremia often presents a state of congestion and erosion. Such as eating spicy food such as chili and Baijiu, it often aggravates the erosion of gastrointestinal mucosa, resulting in blood seepage from the blood vessels in the stomach lining.
Get enough calories
When limiting protein intake, in order to avoid insufficient calorie intake and increase the generation of nitrogen containing waste, it is advisable to supplement it with foods with high calorie content and extremely low protein content. Vegetable oil (such as soybean and peanut oil), low protein starch (such as clarified flour, white flour, lotus root starch, etc.) and sugar (such as rock sugar, honey, ginger sugar, fruit sugar) are used to make various delicious Dim sum. The caloric intake is 30~40 calories per kilogram per day to avoid excessive weight loss.
Beware of moisture control
When kidney failure and reduced urination occur, water can accumulate in the body, resulting in increased cardiovascular system load, lack of vitality, systemic edema, weight gain, cough, shortness of breath, reduced blood volume ratio (Hct), and complications such as hypertension, heart failure, pericarditis. Due to excessive dehydration during dialysis, imbalances such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and muscle cramps are prone to occur.
The daily weight gain is limited to no more than one kilogram, and the amount of drinking water is the total urine volume of the previous day plus 500 to 700 milliliters (ml), including boiled water, porridge, milk, soup, and beverages. Avoid drinking too much water. You can rinse your mouth with ice water, chew gum, or squeeze a little lemon juice to reduce the feeling of thirst. Try to focus on taking the medicine and consume it in soup to reduce water consumption.
Pay attention to salt control
Failure to excrete water and salt during renal failure can easily cause edema and exacerbate hypertension. Patients should not exceed 5 grams of salt per day. 1 gram (1/5 teaspoon) of salt=6/5 teaspoon of soy sauce=1 teaspoon of monosodium glutamate, so the above seasonings contain salt and should not be arbitrarily added; You can use sugar, scallions, ginger, garlic, etc. to improve the taste. "High sodium foods, such as processed canned goods, pickled and smoked products, pickles, pickles, pickles, and fast food, should also be restricted.". If you have a poor appetite, you do not need to limit salt content. The priority is to be able to eat and nutritious. Wait until your appetite is good and nutritious enough before limiting salt content.
Beware of excessive potassium ions
"Due to the inability of potassium ions to be excreted by severely damaged kidneys, it can cause 'hyperkalemia', which can cause numbness of fingers, fatigue, weakness in limbs, tightness in the chest, rigidity of the tongue, difficulty in speaking, loss of consciousness, severe arrhythmia, or cardiac arrest.". The causes of hyperkalemia include: 1. Insufficient dialysis; 2. No appetite; 3. Constipation; "To ingest foods and vegetables with high potassium content, you can peel them off and cut them into small pieces, boil them with plenty of water for 3-5 minutes, and then remove them, stir them in oil or stir fry them;"; The potassium content of coffee, tea, chicken essence, and traditional Chinese medicine juices can cause hyperkalemia.
High potassium vegetables: green leafy vegetables (such as spinach, water spinach, amaranth, lettuce), mushrooms, laver, kelp, carrots, potatoes.
High potassium fruits: bananas, tomatoes, dates, oranges, diced willows, mangoes, persimmons, cantaloupes, grapefruit, and carambola (prone to hiccups). It is recommended to use one type of fruit at a time, with a portion size of about 1/6.
Low potassium fruits: pineapples, papayas, watermelons, water pears, strawberries, lemons, etc., but it is also not suitable to eat in large quantities.
Maintain the balance of calcium and phosphorus
Calcium and phosphorus are important minerals in the body, which can maintain the good growth of bones and teeth, and enable the normal functioning of nerve muscles. When calcium is insufficient, it is necessary to eat more milk, calcium tablets, and vitamin D to reduce the occurrence of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Phosphorus is commonly found in all protein containing foods. To achieve adequate nutritional intake and reduce phosphorus absorption, it is necessary to chew and take phosphorus binders such as aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate while eating to combine phosphorus in foods. Pay attention to the intake of high phosphorus foods: whole grain cereals and products (such as brown rice, germinal rice, and whole wheat bread), viscera (liver, kidney, and brain), stone fruits (peanuts, cashews, and walnuts), and sauce products (peanut butter), chocolate, egg yolks, milk, and dairy products.
Eat less "aluminum and purine" foods to avoid aluminum poisoning and gout
High aluminum diet: 1. Tea; 2. Cheese; 3. Making tea; 4. Steamed Chinese sponge cake; 5. Cook in an aluminum container. High Purine Diet: 1. Gravy; 2. Lentils; 3. Thick broth; 4. Lean meat, duck meat; 5. Brain; 6. Mushrooms; 7. Viscera (liver, kidney, heart); 8. sardine; 9. Eels; 10. Asparagus.
