Post Date December, 02 2023
Diabetes nephropathy is one of the serious microvascular complications that affect the life quality and life span of diabetes patients. By controlling diet, exercising appropriately, and controlling blood sugar, we can achieve self management ability and improve the quality of life. Active health education for patients with diabetes nephropathy is the key to prevent and control diabetes nephropathy.
Health education content
Dietetic guidance
(1) Control the intake of carbohydrates and eat less foods with high carbohydrate content, such as potatoes, bananas, rice, noodles, etc;
(2) High protein diet, using high-quality animal protein, such as fish, shrimp, eggs, milk, etc;
(3) Low salt diet is required to prevent and control hypertension, less than 6g/d, and no salted fish, Salted duck egg, salted vegetables, etc. If there is significant edema and hypertension, the daily salt intake should be controlled at 2-3 grams;
(4) Low fat diet: Eat less foods rich in cholesterol such as various animal viscera, and eat more foods rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and fatty acids. It is best not to eat fried foods;
(5) Eat more fiber rich and coarse fiber vegetables, such as cabbage, celery, etc.
Sports guidance
In addition to the use of drugs and diet, exercise is also particularly important to prevent the occurrence of diabetes nephropathy and delay the progress of diabetes nephropathy. It can effectively control blood sugar and avoid complications.
Rational movement
Reasonable exercise under the guidance of medical personnel can increase the use of glucose in muscle tissue, facilitate better use of insulin, eliminate excess fat in the body, improve lipid metabolism, reduce weight, adjust heart, lung, nerve and endocrine functions, prevent osteoporosis, prevent and control the occurrence and development of complications of diabetes nephropathy, maintain a happy mood, and increase interest and confidence in life.
Five Movements
(1) Before exercise, prepare safely, measure blood sugar, and determine whether it is suitable for exercise. When exercising, have someone to accompany you, and carry a blood glucose meter, chocolate, or fruit juice with you;
(2) Before exercise, warm up for 5-10 minutes to prevent joint and muscle strain during exercise;
(3) Exercise time: 20-30min; (4) Near the end, it is necessary to do 5 to 10 minutes of relaxation exercise;
(5) If you sweat after exercise, you should change clothes to prevent colds. You should also test blood sugar and make records, including sports items, exercise time, sports venues, and any discomfort.
Sports
When it is inappropriate to exercise when the blood sugar content is lower than 5.5mmol/L or higher than 16.7mmol/L; When the effect of insulin or hypoglycemic drugs reaches a peak; Numbness, tingling, or pain in the feet or lower limbs; When seriously injured; Shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea; When chest, neck, or shoulder pain or tightness occurs; When the visual object is blurred or has blind spots; When suffering from other diseases.
How to avoid hypoglycemia during exercise? Before exercise, maintain blood glucose between 5.5mmol/L and 16.7mmol/L; Take candy or Dim sum with you when you exercise. If you feel flustered, dizzy and other discomfort, you should supplement sugar or Dim sum as soon as possible. If it still does not alleviate, you should timely monitor blood sugar or go to the hospital; Exercise 1-2 hours after meals as much as possible; Do not exercise for a long time on an empty stomach; Exercise time should be avoided at the peak of drug action after medication or insulin injection to avoid causing hypoglycemia.
For patients with diabetes nephropathy, the choice of exercise mode should choose contact and non competitive sports, especially those that utilize leg muscles, such as low-intensity, short time walking, jogging, qigong, taijiquan, social dance, radio calisthenics, yoga, etc.
Self monitoring of blood sugar and blood pressure
Strict control of blood glucose can significantly delay the progression of diabetes nephropathy. The control of hyperglycemia must strictly meet the standard. The fasting blood glucose should be<6.1 mmol/L, and the postprandial blood glucose should be<8.0 mmol/L. The renal function and urinary microalbumin of patients with diabetes nephropathy should be tested once every 3-6 months, and drugs that damage the kidney should be avoided.
Blood pressure and blood pressure should be controlled below 130/80mmHg, which can reduce the high filtration, high perfusion and high pressure of diabetes nephropathy, and can delay the development of nephropathy and the process of renal insufficiency.
