What are the clinical stages of chronic kidney failure that can be divided into

What are the clinical stages of chronic kidney failure that can be divided into? Chronic renal failure and acute renal failure are two manifestations of renal failure. So, in this issue, we will introduce to you which clinical stages of chronic kidney failure can be divided into?

What are the clinical stages of chronic kidney failure that can be divided into?

Phase 1: Renal function compensation period

During the compensatory period of renal function, the glomerular filtration rate decreased to 30-60 milliliters per minute, while in normal individuals, the glomerular filtration rate was 120 liters per minute. During this period, the nephron decreases by approximately 20% -25%. Although the renal reserve capacity has been lost, the ability to excrete metabolites, regulate water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance is still good, so there are no special clinical manifestations. Blood muscle enzymes and blood urea nitrogen are usually normal, or sometimes slightly elevated.

Phase II: Nitrogenemia Phase:

During the stage of azotemia, the glomerular filtration rate decreases to 25 milliliters per minute, the nephron decreases by 50% -70%, renal concentration dysfunction occurs, nocturia or polyuria occurs, and varying degrees of anemia are often present, with azotemia and elevated blood creatinine and urea nitrogen levels. Clinical symptoms may include fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, and mild discomfort throughout the body. If renal function protection or extra body load is ignored at this stage, severe vomiting, diarrhea, and hypovolemia will occur. If infection occurs or nephrotoxic drugs are used, renal function will rapidly decline and failure will occur.

Phase III: Renal failure phase (pre uremic stage):

During the period of renal failure, the glomerular filtration rate decreases to 10-15 milliliters per minute, resulting in a decrease of approximately 70% -90% in renal units. Renal function is severely damaged, and it cannot maintain metabolism, water electrolyte, and acid-base balance in the body. It is impossible to maintain the stability of the internal environment of the machine, resulting in significant increase of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen, dysfunction of urine concentration and dilution, acidosis, retention of water and sodium, low calcium, high phosphorus, high potassium and other balance disorders. There may be obvious anemia and gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and decreased appetite. There may also be neurological and psychiatric symptoms, such as fatigue, lack of concentration, and lack of energy.

Phase 4: Uremia Phase

The glomerular filtration rate decreases to below 10 milliliters to 15 milliliters per minute, and the nephron decreases by more than 90%. This stage is the late stage of chronic renal failure, and the clinical symptoms of the aforementioned renal failure are more obvious, manifested as systemic multiple organ failure, such as severe imbalance in the gastrointestinal, nervous, cardiovascular, hematopoietic, respiratory, skin, and metabolic systems. Clinical manifestations include nausea, vomiting, restlessness, increased blood pressure, palpitations, chest tightness, inability to lie flat, difficulty breathing, severe anemia, convulsions, and in severe cases, coma, often accompanied by hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia. This period requires maintenance of life through dialysis. Sudden death can often occur due to hyperkalemia, cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, and heart failure.

Through the above introduction, I believe everyone has an understanding of the clinical course of chronic kidney failure.