Post Date April, 15 2023
What are the causes of nephrotic syndrome? With the improvement of people's living standards, there are more and more patients with kidney disease, and the number of patients with nephrotic syndrome is also increasing exponentially. Due to the particularity of the affected population, the treatment methods are also different. What are the reasons for nephrotic syndrome?
According to experts, nephrotic syndrome refers to a group of syndromes caused by various causes, mainly including increased glomerular basement membrane permeability and decreased glomerular filtration rate. Nephrotic syndrome is not an independent disease, but a group of symptoms in glomerular diseases. The main clinical manifestations of patients with nephrotic syndrome are edema, proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia, and other symptoms.
In patients with nephrotic syndrome, edema can be seen in the eyelids, face, and ankles at the beginning of the morning. As the condition progresses, the edema affects the entire body, and there are pleural effusion, ascites, pericardial effusion, mediastinal effusion, scrotal or labial edema, as well as pulmonary edema. In severe cases, the eyes cannot be opened, the head and neck become thicker, and the skin may appear waxy pale. In addition, the presence of chest and ascites causes significant breathing difficulties. Therefore, the patient cannot lie flat but can only sit upright. If there is skin damage, the fluid in the tissue overflows and is not easy to stop.
There are also many pathological types of primary nephrotic syndrome, including minimal degenerative nephropathy, focal stage nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, and so on. From a medical perspective, the causes of nephrotic syndrome can be divided into the following seven aspects:
1. Bacterial infections are seen in post streptococcal nephritis, bacterial endocarditis, shunt nephritis, leprosy, syphilis, tuberculosis, chronic pyelonephritis with reflux nephropathy, etc; Viral infections are seen in hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus, infectious mononucleosis, and human immunodeficiency virus; Parasitic infections are seen in malaria, toxoplasmosis, helminth, schistosomiasis, and filariasis.
2. Drugs or poisonings, allergies to organic or inorganic mercury, organic gold and silver, penicillamine, diacetylmorphine, probenecid, non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, trimethoprim, and other drugs; Bee sting, snake venom; Allergies to pollen, vaccines, antitoxins, etc.
3. Tumors: Lung, stomach, colon, breast, ovary, thyroid, leukemia, lymphoma, Willm's tumor, etc.
4. Systemic diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease, dermatomyositis, Scheuerren syndrome, allergic purpura, amyloidosis, etc.
5. Metabolic diseases diabetes, thyroid diseases.
6. Hereditary diseases: congenital nephrotic syndrome, Alport syndrome, Fabry's disease, sickle cell anemia, nail patellar syndrome, adipodystrophy, familial nephrotic syndrome, etc.
7. Other eclampsia, chronic rejection of transplanted kidneys, malignant renal sclerosis, renal artery stenosis, etc.
