Post Date December, 03 2023
The testicles are the main male sexual organs, whose function is to produce sperm, which combine with the egg to form new individuals, thereby ensuring the continuation of the human race. In addition, it also secretes androgen, which can stimulate spermatogenesis and the development of male accessory sexual organs and accessory sexual signs. Therefore, whether it is congenital developmental disorders or testicular lesions caused by various factors, they can all lead to infertility.
Section 1 Male Pseudohermaphroditism
（1） Testicular feminization syndrome
Among male pseudohermaphroditism, testicular feminization syndrome is more common. This patient has testes, the sex chromosome karyotype is xy, and the sex chromatin is negative. Although the testis secretes androgen, it cannot masculinization the genitals because somatic cell cells cannot form androgen receptors.
（2） Dysfunction in testosterone synthesis
In the process of testosterone synthesis, different enzyme defects lead to different metabolic disorders and obstacles at different stages, resulting in different degrees of abnormal differentiation of reproductive organs, from masculinization to female external genitalia. Patients generally have a slender and castrated body with underdeveloped breasts. Underdeveloped testicular tissue is palpated in the groin or scrotum, often accompanied by hypospadias and double scrotum.
（3） 5a - Reductase deficiency
This type of patient often manifests as male genital agenesis. Due to the deficiency of 5a reductase in the target organ site, testosterone cannot be converted into dihydrotestosterone. Prostate underdevelopment and incomplete differentiation of the external genitalia are an autosomal inherited disease.
