Post Date April, 15 2023
"After five years of marriage, we are all very happy except for no children, and we have no children. Parents of our husband and wife have not been less concerned about this matter. Recently, we went to the hospital for reproductive examination and found that the problem is me. The doctor said that the key to my problem is my own spermatozoosis. Why is my sperm quality so poor? How can I protect my sperm health?" Now let's take a look with us!
Some infertile patients have sluggish sperm movement and are routinely diagnosed as asthenospermia. However, if the patient is unable to move or is completely immobile, it can be diagnosed as dead sperm disease. But at least in theory, sperm motility incompetence should be classified as asthenospermia, that is, there is a qualitative difference between asthenospermia and necrospermia.
There is also a qualitative difference between spermatozoosis and sperm motility device defect. If you want to distinguish between asthenospermia, or live sperm with defective sperm movement device, or dead sperm disease, you need to first rely on strict sperm morphology examination.
Dead sperm disease refers to that the majority of sperm in semen is dead, but its morphology and quantity may not be significantly abnormal. Dead sperm can cause infertility due to loss of activity and insemination ability.
So, to answer this question, there are several key points to be clear: first, the sperm movement is non-linear, or not moving, so is it the sperm death, or because of the changes in the structure and composition of the flagella? In many cases, the display of sperm structure and movement results from the assessment of sperm membrane integrity. Through these empirical methods, we can distinguish between live sperm, or sperm with motor defects or real death. However, the results of this kind of detection method, which routinely uses semen analysis, are still an evaluation.
To determine whether it is dead sperm, the following methods are often used to check: take one drop of semen and put it on the slide, add 0.5% blue eosin solution to dye, cover the slide, and let it stand for about 2 minutes. Observe under the high power microscope, the live sperm is not colored, and the dead sperm is dyed red.
Generally speaking, dead sperm must be immobile, and immobile sperm is not dead. Under normal circumstances, spermatozoa are produced by the spermatogenic epithelium of the testis and enter the epididymis for further development and maturation. The tail of epididymis and the ampulla of vas deferens are the places for storing sperm. The secretion of seminal vesicle epithelium is rich in fructose, which is the active energy of ejaculated sperm. The prostatic fluid is alkaline, which is suitable for the survival and activity of sperm.
In general, there are differences in the manifestations of spermatozoosis due to different causes:
1. Sperm has died in the seminiferous tubules;
2. They have died in the epididymis. These dead sperm are stained because the plasma membrane has been broken and there is very little left;
3. Dead sperm disease with cell morphological characteristics at different stages of development has different disease history or drug history.
In a word, the routine semen analysis still has some aspects to be improved for the diagnosis value of necrospermia and asthenospermia. In some cases, the results of routine semen examination result from the confusion of the pathogenesis of true necrospermia and the structure and function of the sperm with vague premonitory signs, that is, the characteristics of the sperm that are actually alive but immobile due to the defect of the motion device are ignored. In fact, although the sperm before death is still alive, it has completely lost the ability to fertilize.
There are many reasons for the death of sperm, mainly including: ① lack of sperm nutrients, resulting in sperm death, namely "starvation death"; ② The phagocytosis of bacteria and inflammatory cells during reproductive infection; ③ Low pH of semen (especially those below 6.5), resulting in a large number of sperm death; ④ Insufficient oxygen supply and sperm death due to hypoxia poisoning; ⑤ Zinc deficiency in seminal plasma leads to sperm death; ⑥ Lack of vitamin C and biotin can also cause serious disorders and death; ⑦ Poisoning caused by some reasons; ⑧ Excessive abstinence leads to sperm death in the epididymis; ⑨ Some diseases or some drugs are used too long.
Treatment of dead sperm disease
1. Nonhormone antibacterial drugs
Indomethacin and fentanyl are more commonly used in these drugs. Indomethacin is 50mg once three times a day, while the dose of fentanyl is 100mg once a day.
Intravenous drip of Diamantil can also work; Intravenous drip of low molecular dextran can also be effective. Especially, intravenous drip of compound amino acid injection has better effect.
2. Antibacterial drugs
These drugs are mainly used in the dead sperm caused by prostatitis and seminal vesiculitis caused by bacterial infection. There are many drugs, with different opinions in clinical application, but the combination of doxycycline, metronidazole and TMP+SMZ is more commonly used. Of course, the use of antibiotics must take into account the dosage of antibiotics, especially the changes in drug resistance and bacterial flora, as well as the possible side effects of many antibiotics on sperm, such as teratogenesis and immobilization.
Editor's note: The above is the expert's interpretation of male spermatozoosis. We hope that our introduction will help you maintain your healthy sperm!
(Intern editor: Liu Jinhao)
