Post Date December, 03 2023
How to diagnose men suffering from azoospermia?
1. Obstructive testing: It can detect neutral a-glucosidase in seminal plasma and fructose in seminal plasma, as the former is produced by the epididymis and the latter by the seminal vesicle. Detecting the concentration difference between the two, combined with changes in semen volume and pH value (normal ejaculation volume is 2-8ml, pH value is 7.2-8.0, of which seminal vesicle fluid accounts for 70%, and the pH value of seminal vesicle fluid is alkaline), can determine whether there is obstruction, whether it is in the epididymis, vas deferens, or seminal vesicles or ejaculatory ducts.
2. Infectious testing: Many pathogenic microbial infections can cause oligospermia and azoospermia. Detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, syphilis, tubercle bacillus, etc., combined with leukocyte peroxidase staining count in semen, is helpful to find the infectious cause. At the same time, ask about the medical history. If you suffered from mumps as a child, you will be damaged because of the susceptibility of mumps virus and germ cell.
3. Sex hormone testing: Follicle stimulating hormone FSH, luteinizing hormone LH, prolactin PRL, estrogen E2, testosterone T, free testosterone FT, serum inhibin B, etc. can reflect the status of human endocrine and sexual function. Some types of high gonadotropin induced sexual dysfunction, such as Klinefelter syndrome; Some low gonadotropin type sexual dysfunction, such as Kallmann syndrome; Some hyperprolactinemia can cause oligospermia and azoospermia.
4. Cytogenetics and gene testing: changes in cytogenetics and genes can cause a variety of human diseases, and azoospermia is one of them. We have found various changes in the blood chromosome karyotype analysis of many azoospermia patients, such as: 45, XY, t (13; 18) 48, XXXY, 46, XY, Y<1846, XY, Y<2146, XY, inv (9) (p11; q13); In the detection of Y chromosome microdeletions, AZFa, AZFb, AZFc, AZFb+c, AZFa+b+c and other deletions were also found.
5. Testicular biopsy: Testicular biopsy can clearly diagnose the spermatogenic status of the testicles. Due to its traumatic nature and other factors, the World Health Organization is cautious in this regard. Recommended only for azoospermia patients with normal testicular volume and normal blood FSH.
