Post Date December, 03 2023
1. Semen abnormalities caused by sexually transmitted diseases
In the entire population, the incidence of azoospermia is similar between individuals with and without sexually transmitted diseases, but the former has a significantly higher incidence of abnormal semen analysis. Sexually transmitted diseases do not seem to affect sperm density, indicating that they do not cause narrowing or blockage of the vas deferens. Individuals with sexually transmitted diseases generally exhibit a decrease in sperm motility, which is related to disorders of accessory gland function, especially epididymitis. It can not be ignored that ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomatis infections are also very common in clinical practice, and these infections have no significant symptoms, and are more subtle.
2. Mumps
The occurrence of mumps before and after puberty does not increase the incidence of azoospermia, but is associated with a higher likelihood of abnormal semen. The sperm density of individuals with onset after puberty is significantly lower than that of those without onset or those with onset before puberty. Only 4.4% of patients with mumps have orchitis. Prepubertal patients rarely develop orchitis, but it can occur after puberty. Testitis significantly affects sperm quality and increases the incidence rate of azoospermia, especially bilateral orchitis. Whether it is unilateral or bilateral orchitis, there is an increase in cases of abnormal semen analysis. In short, mumps, especially when combined with orchitis, can have adverse effects on fertility.
3. Problems with the testicles themselves
Poor testicular descent is also a common factor, with a significant increase in the incidence of azoospermia in individuals with a history of this condition, and the incidence of azoospermia in individuals with bilateral testicular descent is twice as high as in individuals with unilateral testicular descent. Even if these patients have sperm, the quality of semen is abnormal, especially in cases of oligospermia.
Testicular injury often affects its normal function. Although many men have experienced some degree of testicular injury in their daily lives, only those accompanied by scrotal hematoma or hematuria are recorded here, indicating the situation of infertile patients with testicular or genitourinary tract injury. The incidence of azoospermia or abnormal semen in these patients has significantly increased. Testicular injury is often accompanied by urethral symptoms (16.8%), while in non injured individuals, only 8.8% exhibit such symptoms, with a significant difference between the two. Moreover, the former has a higher infection rate of accessory glands. Although the incidence rate of testicular torsion is not high, once it occurs, it is often accompanied by azoospermia and oligospermia.
Epididymitis or orchitis is also a common disease, and the sperm density and activity rate of these patients are significantly lower than those without a history of this disease, with a smaller testicular volume. Urethral symptoms may have immune factors, and the incidence of accessory prostatitis is also high.
4. urinary system diseases
If symptoms such as difficulty urinating, frequent urination, and hematuria occur, the possibility of seminal vesiculitis, prostatitis, etc. should be ruled out. These patients have a higher tendency towards azoospermia, with more common abnormalities in semen quality, especially low sperm morphology and motility. Among the patients with urinary system symptoms, 27% of prostatic fluid tests were abnormal, or semen bacteriology, bacteriology or biochemical tests were abnormal, which should be further checked and confirmed.
5. Other diseases
Bronchitis can also lead to abnormal semen, and it is often a clinical manifestation of ciliary dysfunction that extends throughout the body. The incidence of azoospermia is significantly higher in these patients. All of these patients have normal testicular volume, indicating that azoospermia is caused by blocked vas deferens. The abnormal rate of semen analysis in patients with bronchitis increases, and the average sperm density and proportion of sperm moving forward are lower. Diabetes is also common. diabetes is related to ejaculatory dysfunction and does not cause azoospermia or abnormal sperm quality. Therefore, the impact of diabetes on fertility is caused by sexual dysfunction. Patients with a history of neurological disorders often exhibit ejaculation disorders, but the incidence of azoospermia and abnormal semen quality has not increased.
